The programming
technique, in which a large and complex program is divided into small logical
and manageable part of the program which can perform specific task, is known as
modular programming. The small, logical and manageable part of the program is
called procedure (module). Since the modular programming uses small block of
functional codes, it is also called structured program.
Advantages of modular
programming
A procedure can be
reused in a program which reduces the length of the program.
It is suitable for a
team work so that task can be divided with a team members.
The debugging of the
program becomes easier and faster since they are divided into different
modules.
The procedure can be
tested and debugged separately.
The documentation of an
individual procedure is simpler as compared to the documentation of a large and
complex program.
Types of procedure
1. Sub Procedure
A Sub procedure is a
small, logical and manageable functional part of a program which performs the
specific tasks and does not return any value to the main module. A sub
procedure can call another sub procedure in the program. A sub procedure is
called by using CALL statement. When a sub procedure is called the program
control transfers from the main module to the sub module and the execution of
the codes in the sub module takes place. After the completion of execution of
its codes the program control returns to the next statement of the calling
module i.e. after the CALL statement.
2. Function procedure
A Function procedure is
a small, logical and functional part of a program which performs the specific
tasks and it returns a single value to the main module or calling module. The
returned value of the function procedure may be string or number. So, there are
two types of user defined functions. They are String Function and Numeric
Function. Once the function procedures are defined in the program they can be
used in the program. To use the function procedures in a program, the procedure
needs to be called from the main module. The PRINT Statement or a variable is
used to call the function procedure.
REM to display volume
of cylinder
DECLARE SUB Volume ( r,
h)
CLS
CONST pi=22/7
INPUT “Enter radius of
a cylinder”; r
INPUT “Enter height of
the cylinder”;h
CALL Volume (r, h)
END
SUB Volume (r, h)
v = pi*r^2*h
PRINT “Volume of the cylinder =”; v
END SUB
REM checks whether
input integer is prime or composite.
DECLARE FUCNTION
PRIME$(N)
INTPUT “Enter an
integer”; N
PRINT “The number
is :” PRIME$(N)
END
FUNCTION PRIME$(N)
FOR P= 1 TO N
IF N MOD P = 0 THEN C= C + 1
NEXT P
IF C=2 THEN
PRIME$= “Prime”
ELSE
PRIME$=”Composite”
END IF
END FUNCTION
REM to display longest
student name among any ten names
DECLARE FUNCTION
Longest$(n$( ))
CLS
DIM n$(10)
FOR P= 1 TO 10
INPUT “Enter student name”;n$(P)
NEXT P
PRINT “The longest
student name is “; Longest$(n$( ) )
END
Function Longest$(n$())
long$= n$(1)
FOR P = 2 TO 10
IF LEN (n$(P))>LEN (l$) THEN
long$= n$(P)
NEXT P
Longest$= long$
END FUNCTION
REM to display the
number in an ascending order using an array with sub procedure.
DECLARE SUB SORT ( N( )
)
CLS
DIM N(10)
PRINT “Enter ten
different numbers:”
FOR P= 1 TO 10
INPUT N (P)
NEX P
CALL SORT (N ( ))
END
SUB SORT (N ( ))
FOR P= 1 TO 9
FOR Q = 1 TO 10-P
IF N (Q)>N (Q+1) THEN
SWAP N (Q), N (Q+1)
NEXT Q
NEXT P
PRINT “Numbers are in
ascending order:”
FOR P = 1 TO 10
PRINT N (P)
NEXT P
END SUB
REM uses of global
variable
DECLARE SUB Average ( )
COMMON SHARED a,b,c
CLS
INPUT “Enter three
numbers “; a,b,c
CALL Average
END
SUB Average
Avg=(a+b+c)/3
PRINT “average= “;Avg
END SUB
Note: In the above
program a,b,c are global variables and Avg is a local variable.
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