Thursday, April 9, 2020

Chapter – 8 Review of Control Statements in QBASIC


IF Statements in QBASIC
1. IF …. THEN Statement
IF THEN Statement 
Or,
IF THEN
         Block of statements
END IF
Where, condition is a logical expression that evaluates either true or false.

2. IF….. THEN….. ELSE Statement
Syntax:
IF THEN
         Statement1
ELSE
         Statement2 
END IF
3. IF….. THEN….. ELSEIF….. ELSE Statement
Syntax:
IF THEN
         Statement1
ELSEIF THEN
         Statement2
ELSEIF THEN
         Statement3
         …….     
         ……….
         ………   
         ……….
ELSE
         Statement_N
END IF
REM find the greatest number among any 10 numbers.
CLS
FOR j=1 TO 10
         INPUT “Enter a number”;n
         IF n>g THEN g=n
END IF
PRINT “The largest number is “; g
END

REM finds the middle number among any three numbers.
CLS
INPUT “Enter any three numbers”; a, b, c
IF (a>b AND ac) THEN
         PRINT a; “ is the middle number.”
IF (b>c AND ba) THEN
         PRINT b; “ is the middle number.”
ELSEIF (c>a AND cb) THEN
         PRINT c; “is the middle number.”
END IF
END


SELECT CASE Statement
Syntax:
SELECT CASE testexpression
CASE expressionlist-1 
         [Statements Block-1]
[CASE expressionlist-2 
         [Statements Block-2]]
         ………
         ……….
         ………
         ……….
[CASE ELSE 
         [Statements Block-N]]
END SELECT

REM counts total number of vowels and consonants in a word.
CLS
INPUT “Enter a word“; W$
R$= UCASE$(W$)
FOR K= 1 TO LEN(R$)
         E$= MID$(R$, K, 1)
         SELECT CASE E$

         CASE “A”, “E”, “I”, “O”, “U”
                  x=x+1
         CASE ELSE
                  y=y+1
         END SELECT
NEXT K
PRINT “The number of vowels in the word :”;x
PRINT “The number of consonants in the word:”; y
END
Loops in QBASIC
The repetition of the statement block time and again till the condition is satisfied is known as loop. The looping statements supported by QBASIC program are
1. For Next Loop
Syntax:
FOR Variable = start TO end STEP (increment/decrement)
         [Block of statements]
NEXT Variable
REM displays first 10 even numbers and sum of those even numbers.
CLS
N=2
FOR P = 1 TO 10
         PRINT N;
         S=S+ N
         N = N + 2
NEXT P
PRINT “Sum of the first ten even numbers:”;S
END

2. WHILE …. WEND Loop
Syntax:
WHILE 
         [Statements block]
WEND

3. DO…LOOP
Syntax-I (Entry Control Loop Structure):
DO WHILE|UNTIL
         [Statements block]
LOOP

Syntax-II (Exit Control Loop Structure):
DO
         [Statements block]
LOOP WHILE|UNTIL
Where, Condition is the logical expression that evaluates as true or false.
REM Sum of digits of an integer
CLS
INPUT “Enter an integer”; N
DO
         R = N MOD 10
         S =S+ R
         N=INT(N/10)
LOOP WHILE N<>0
PRINT “Sum of digits”; S
END

REM Sum of digits of an integer
CLS
INPUT “Enter an integer”; N
DO
         R = N MOD 10
         S =S+ R
         N=INT(N/10)
LOOP UNTIL N=0
PRINT “Sum of digits”; S
END

Nested Loop
The loop inside a loop is called nested loop.
Syntax:
FOR Variable1 = start TO final STEP (Increment or Decrement)
FOR Variable2 = start TO final STEP (Increment or Decrement)
         [Statements block]
NEXT Variable2
NEXT Variable1

CLS
FOR j= 1 TO 5
FOR k = 1 TO j 
         PRINT k;
NEXT k
PRINT
NEXT j
END

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